Arizona State University (ASU) NUR 452 Concepts in Population-Based Health Exam 1 Practice Test

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• What bias arises from a poor sampling frame that underrepresents certain groups in health surveys?
• Provide an example of risk communication strategies for a community outbreak.
• Which statement best describes specificity in screening tests?
• What is a p-value and what are common misinterpretations in population health research?
• Which of the following describes a common challenge in stakeholder engagement?
• A home health nurse represents which nursing category?
• Which MPHW level focuses on policy, system, and environmental changes?
• Which statement about NHANES is true?
• Summative evaluation is best described as
• Regarding positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV), which statement is correct?
• Which measure best describes disease burden in a population at a single point in time?
• Which of the following is listed as a community/population-based nursing subspecialty?
• Which of the following is an example of primordial prevention in a community health context?
• Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a successful screening program?
• Which MPHW component is often most effective and long-lasting for impacting health?
• Which statement differentiates community-oriented from community-based nursing?
• What is tertiary prevention?
• Which term identifies individuals with unrecognized health risk factors or asymptomatic disease conditions?
• Which statement best describes validity and reliability in epidemiologic measurement?
• Distinguish acute versus chronic diseases and their implications for surveillance and prevention.
• Upstream determinants of public health are overarching factors that are largely outside of the control of the individual and which have significant trickle-down effects on other, more proximal determinants of public health.
• Which statement best describes confounding in epidemiologic research?
• Define a sampling frame and why frame quality matters in health surveys.
• What categories are addressed in Pender's Health Model?
• Which type of nursing focuses on health promotion and disease prevention within the community?
• Which term helps community groups identify common problems or goals, mobilize resources, and develop and implement strategies to reach the goals they collectively have set?
• What is secondary prevention?
• Which practice emphasizes health at the population level rather than only individual patients?
• In which study design is relative risk the appropriate measure?
• Which term best describes an approach that binds two or more parties to work toward a shared health objective by strengthening each member's capacity?
• Which statement best describes the community-focused component of population-based health work?
• Which statement best reflects the role of community engagement in vaccination planning?
• Which component of the population-based health framework focuses on changing knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, practices, and behaviors of individuals?
• Which framework includes Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation, and Maintenance for evaluating interventions?
• Which statement best describes sensitivity and specificity in screening tests?
• Which term commits two or more persons or organizations to achieve a common health goal by enhancing the capacity of members to promote and protect health?
• Downstream determinants of public health can be seen as the outcomes of up and midstream factors and variables. In some respects, downstream determinants are more easily mitigated or prevented by the individual, such as a change in eating habits or reducing risk of injury on the job.
• Which step is the final action needed for a bill to become law?
• In prevention terminology, prepathogenesis refers to
• Innocuous in screening terms means
• Describe the Social Vulnerability Index (SVI) and how it informs resource allocation.
• What is the primary purpose of epidemiologic surveillance?
• What is a health metrics dashboard and how can it support continuous quality improvement in population health programs?
• Which description reflects the systems-focused component of population-based health work?
• Descriptive epidemiology describes distribution by which factors?
• Which statement correctly describes BRFSS in the context of community health data?
• In PRECEDE-PROCEED, which factors are analyzed in the PRECEDE phase?
• What is a Health Impact Assessment and how is it used in community planning?
• T or F: Downstream affects upstream.
• Which term describes the role of federal courts in interpreting the law, determining constitutionality, and applying it to individual cases?
• What are the three levels of the Minnesota Public Health Wheel (MPHW)?
• When engaging stakeholders in a population health initiative, which approach is most appropriate?
• Which statement best describes how stratified random sampling mitigates biases?
• Validity refers to which of the following?
• Which of the following is NOT a functional health pattern?
• The focus of community-based nursing is which of the following?
• Which of the following is an example of tertiary prevention?
• Explain the Health in All Policies approach and give a practical example.
• Which term involves systematically gathering and analyzing data regarding threats to public health, identifying the source, and determining control measures?
• Which statement best defines a stakeholder?
• Reliability is defined as
• Explain vaccine hesitancy determinants and strategies to address it at the population level.
• Within data governance, what does stewardship refer to?
• Which statement best describes confounding and its effect on study results?
• What is Community-Based Participatory Research (CBPR) and why is it valuable in population health research?
• Which of the following are examples of secondary prevention?
• Which option is a correct example of secondary prevention?
• A school nurse is an example of which type of nursing?
• Which of the following is a core ethical consideration in population health research involving human subjects?
• Which of the following is NOT a step in the nursing process?
• When evaluating a community-based intervention for health equity, which outcome should be specified?
• What is the primary goal of community-oriented nursing?
• Why is the epidemiologic transition relevant to population health planning?
• How do social networks influence health behaviors in a population?
• Which term describes the ongoing and systematic collection, analysis, and interpretation of health data to plan and evaluate public health interventions?
• What does the 'policy development' component entail in regards to research in public health?
• Which term compels others to comply with the laws, rules, regulations, ordinances, and policies created in conjunction with policy development?
• True or false: Health care aimed at promoting quality of life is a feature of community-oriented nursing.
• Compare RE-AIM framework components to evaluate public health interventions.
• Common law or case law is based on which of the following?
• Which statement describes public health?
• What is the role of environmental health in population-based nursing, and which is a nurse-led intervention example?
• Which MPHW level focuses on individuals and families and behavior change?
• Which statement best reflects shared accountability among stakeholders?
• In a health care organization, which group is most clearly considered a stakeholder due to having a direct interest in the organization's outcomes?
• Why are stakeholders important in public health planning?
• Which term optimizes self-care capabilities of individuals and families and the capacity of systems and communities to coordinate and provide services?
• What is evidence-based practice in population health and how do you appraise external validity?
• Define health equity audit and outline its typical steps.
• Which statement is true about stakeholders?
• How is effect modification typically identified in data analysis?
• Family-centered illness care is a characteristic of community-oriented nursing.
• Which statement best defines stakeholders in an organization?
• What is the difference between mortality rate and case-fatality rate?
• Do community-oriented nurses provide direct care for individuals?
• Which data source provides granular demographic data and is limited by sampling error?
• In conducting a health equity audit, which step involves articulating the inequities to address and setting equity-focused objectives?
• What distinguishes confounding by indication from classical confounding?
• Which statement best describes sensitivity in screening tests?
• Which describes the role of a nurse in health promotion and disease prevention at the community level?
• In comparing community surveys and sentinel surveillance, which statement is accurate?
• A public health nurse is an example of which nursing approach?
• Which term locates individuals and families with identified risk factors and connects them with resources?
• What is stigma in population health and how can research mitigate it?
• What does the 'assurance' component entail in regards to public health research?
• Which group is most appropriate to represent community needs in health programs?
• Which statement describes the concepts of number needed to screen (NNS) and number needed to treat (NNT)?
• In planning a vaccination program, which measures ensure cultural competence and acceptance across diverse communities?
• Which term describes communicating facts, ideas, and skills that change knowledge, attitudes, values, beliefs, behaviors, and practices of individuals, families, systems, and/or communities?
• Which principle is NOT typically associated with common law?
• What steps would you take to evaluate a community-based intervention's impact on health equity?
• Which statement best distinguishes population attributable risk (PAR) from absolute risk reduction (ARR)?
• Which activity involves sharing information that can change knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors in individuals or communities?
• Explain data interpretation challenges such as ecological fallacy and small-area instability.
• Which statement best describes health promotion?
• In a screening program where early treatment is critical, which is most important?
• Which type of nursing emphasizes health promotion and disease prevention at the population level?
• Explain vulnerability and resilience in disaster preparedness and population health.
• Which term promotes and develops alliances among organizations for a common purpose and addresses health concerns?
• Which statement best distinguishes health promotion from disease prevention?
• Health care designed to promote quality of life reflects which nursing approach?
• Which term establishes an interpersonal relationship with a community to increase their capacity for self-care and coping?
• Which function involves assisting individuals and communities to identify and access necessary resources to prevent or resolve problems?
• Disease prevention activities are aimed at
• In evaluating population health data, what is a key risk of ecological fallacy?
• Which statement best describes a stakeholder group in many organizations?
• Which statement best differentiates population health from public health and clinical care?
• Which set includes the key components of epidemiologic surveillance?
• Which type of nursing describes: 'A setting-specific practice whereby care is provided for clients and families where they live, work, and attend school. The emphasis of community-based nursing practice is acute and chronic care and the provision of comprehensive, coordinated, and continuous services. Nurses who deliver community-based care are generalists or specialists in maternal/infant, pediatric, adult, or psychiatric/mental health nursing.'
• Which term locates populations at risk and provides information about the concern, what can be done about it, and how services can be obtained?
• Which type of nursing describes: 'The nurse provides health care through community diagnosis and investigation of major health and environmental problems, health surveillance, and monitoring and evaluation of community and population health status for the purposes of preventing disease and disability and promoting, protecting, and maintaining health to create conditions in which people can be healthy.'
• Which term seeks information and generates optional solutions to perceived problems through interactive problem solving with a community?
• Which term uses marketing principles to influence knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors of the population?
• Which term refers to direct care tasks performed by a nurse under the authority of a practitioner and may be delegated to other personnel?
• How is occupational health risk assessment defined, and which example best illustrates it?
• What are the three components of research in public health?
• Which term places health issues on decision-makers' agendas, acquires a plan of resolution, and determines needed resources, resulting in laws, rules, and policies?
• Primary prevention includes which of the following?
• Which statement about odds ratios is true?
• Downstream outcomes are described as which of the following?
• In a public health program, epidemiologists track new cases over time to identify trends and allocate resources. Which concept is being used?
• Which type of law is NOT listed as important to community health nursing?
• Which activity best aligns with stakeholder engagement in population-based health?
• What is precedent in common law?
• How does an aging population influence health service demand and workforce planning in community health?
• How does health literacy influence population-level interventions?
• Which scenario best illustrates constitutional law overriding individual rights?
• Which sequence best describes how a bill becomes law?
• Which level of prevention focuses on early detection through screening?
• How do you interpret a 95% confidence interval that crosses 1.0 for a relative risk?
• Which statement best describes a practical application of Health in All Policies approach?
• Which setting best aligns with community-based nursing?
• In the context of a health care organization, which group is a primary stakeholder?
• Which term places health issues on decision-makers' agendas and determines needed resources, leading to the creation of laws and policies?
• Expanding access to affordable health insurance primarily addresses which SDOH domain?
• Which term refers to direct care tasks a registered professional nurse carries out under the authority of a health care practitioner, as allowed by law, and may include tasks entrusted to others?
• In population health planning, which statement best defines a stakeholder?
• In which scenario would you most likely encounter a community-based nurse?
• Which term utilizes commercial marketing principles and technologies for programs designed to influence the knowledge, attitudes, values, beliefs, behaviors, and practices of the population of interest?
• Which is an example of legislation/regulation?
• Which study design provides temporality and allows calculation of incidence?
• Which statement best describes incidence?
• Which term focuses on mobilizing resources to achieve a common goal?
• Which term involves developing and maintaining alliances among organizations to address shared health concerns and leadership development?
• Community-oriented nursing is also referred to as which concept?
• Which is a common method of influence used in health policy by nurses?
• Formative evaluation is best described as
• Which option represents a nursing advocacy method used in health policy?
• High yield means
• Which study design provides the strongest causal inference for evaluating interventions?
• What is a key strategy to mitigate stigma in population health research?
• Validity is demonstrated by
• Which statement best describes external validity in population health research?
• What is the dumbed down way to describe upstream?
• Which term pleads someone's cause or acts on their behalf, with a focus on developing the community, system, individual or family's capacity to plead their own cause?
• Which of the following is a typical oversight mechanism for protecting human subjects in population health research?
• Which of the following groups would most clearly be a stakeholder in a population health program aimed at improving community health?
• Health surveillance is a feature of which nursing approach?
• A nurse visits a community to provide information about a health concern and how residents can access services.
• Which type of nursing is focused on illness care for individuals and families?
• Which intervention best aligns with the Education Access and Quality domain of the Social Determinants of Health?
• Which function focuses on coordinating services to maximize a client’s ability to manage care and connect with resources?
• Define health literacy and discuss its impact on population-level interventions.
• Which statement best defines health equity versus health equality?
• Which statement best describes validity in screening tests?
• Explain the PRECEDE-PROCEED model and give an example of a step in a population health program.
• What is data governance in population health informatics and why is it important?
• Key informants are
• What does the 'assessment' component entail in regards to research in public health?
• Constitutional law is derived from which sources?
• Which statement about stakeholders is true?
• Which of the following is an example of a population health intervention that targets social and community context?
• What is legislation/regulation?
• Which domain is addressed by programs expanding safe housing and parks?